Midrash - Afrikaans

April 1, 2025

Wat Is Midrasj?®

Midrasj is ‘n manier van Bybel interpretasie, Skrif vertolking, wat deur Rabbi’s van ouds en in dit tyd van Jesus en Paulus gebruik was. Midrasj sluit ‘n historiese grammatika eksegese in, vaagweg dieselfde as die westerse modelle van Bybel interpretasie wat die Hervormers by die sestiende eeu se Humaniste gekry het, maar dit was maar die eerste stap in hierdie rigting.

Die doel van midrasj in die hantering van verskillende Bybelse literatuur style, soos verhale, wysheid literatuur, Hebreeuse digkuns en apokalipties, is om verwante verhoudings tussen verskillende Skrif te vind en dan so die Skrifte te verklaar in die lig van ander verwante Skrifte. Die benadering is egter meer op temas gevestig as lynvormig. Die duidelikste stel riglyne in midrasj is die Sewe Midroth wat toegeskrywe word aan Rabbi Hillel, die stigter van die Farasetiese skool van Hillel, waar Rabbi Shaul (Paulus) sy onderrig as ‘n rabbi ontvang het onder Rabbi Gamaliel, die kleinseun van Hillel.

Midrasj maak intens gebruik van allegorie en tipologie om Skrif gedeeltes te illustreer en te verlig maar dit word nooit gebruik as ‘n basis vir Bybelse Leerstelling nie. In midrasj word daar gekyk na die veelvuldige betekenisse wat in ‘n Skrif gedeeltes gevind kan word.

Dit verskil egter heeltemal met sekere fundamentele beginsels van die gnostiese en Aleksandrynse gebruike van interpretasies en sinnebeelde wat met Philo en Origen verbind word waar meer klem gelê op die Hebreeuse agtergrond in plaas van ‘n Hellenistiese filosofiese wêreldse en ‘n teologiese oorsig.

Midrasj interpreteer profesie as ‘n sikliese patroon van historiese herhalings, (Profesie het ‘n veelvuldige vervulling.) met die uiteindelike vervulling wat geassosieer word met die eskatologie wat die finale fokuspunt van die redding proses is. ‘n Klasieke werk in midrasj is die Midrasj Rabba op Genesis. (Berashith) ‘n Ander een is Lamentations Rabba. Midrasj handhaaf ‘n sekere formaat, een is die Mashal / Nimshal formaat wat ons sien in Spreuke, of die gelykenisse waar fisiese dinge geestelike dinge verteenwoordig. Beeldryke midrasj blootstelling in die Nuwe Testament word gesien soos byvoorbeeld in die Brief van Judas of Galasiërs 4:24?34. Dit is midrasj wat toegeskryf kan word vir die manier waarop die Nuwe Testament die Ou Testament hanteer. ‘n Ander formaat is die parashiyot; gedeeltes wat begin met ‘n petihah waar ‘n basis teks opgevolg word deur 'n kommentaar. Addisioneel tot eksegetiese midrasj is daar homiletiek midrasjims wat gerangskik is in temas beredeneerde pisaqaot. Dit word dikwels opgevolg deur yelammedenu rabbenu formaat wat deur Jesus in die Evangelies gebruik is. Beide hierdie midrasjims is haggadies. Daar is ook ander midrasj literatuur wat halakik is, maar hulle is minder belangrik in Nuwe Testamentiese studies.

As iemand nie in Judaïsme, Hebreeus of in teologie opgelei is nie dan is dit makliker om midrasj te demonstreer as wat dit is om dit te verduidelik. Moriel verskaf verskillende klank kassette en video

bande waar midrasj prakties toegepas word en hoedat die Skrifte geinterpreteer word.

Een voorbeeld is die vrou by die fontein, en ‘n Midrasj interpretasie van Johannes 4 waar die Skrifte gebruik word in verband met Roomse Katolisisme.

As u oplet na die wyse waarop die Nuwe Testament die Ou Testament aanhaal, dan is dit baie duidelik dat die apostels nie ‘n westerse protestantse eksegese metodes of ‘n interpretasie gebruik het nie. Jesus was ‘n Rabbi en Paulus was ‘n rabbi en hulle het die Bybel ge interpreteer soos die ander rabbi’s wat midrasj metode gevolg het. Iets het verkeerd gegaan in die vroeë Kerk, sy het weg beweeg van haar Joodse wortels, en soos wat al meer heidene die Christelike geloof aangeneem het, het iets gebeur waarteen Paulus ons in Romeine 11 gewaarsku het wat nie moet gebeur nie. “??en jy wat 'n wilde olyfboom was, onder hulle ingeënt is en deel gekry het aan die wortel en die vettigheid van die olyfboom, moet dan nie teen die takke roem nie; en as jy roem dit is nie jy wat die wortel dra nie, maar die wortel vir jou. “??maar jy staan deur die geloof. Moenie hoogmoedig wees nie, maar vrees.” (Rom.

11:16?20) Die kerk het haar wortels, haar fondasie vergeet.

Wanneer daar ‘n verandering in ‘n wêreld siening plaasvind dan gaan daar ook ‘n verandering in die teologie plaasvind. ‘n Positiewe stap om sulke veranderings te hanteer word genoem her? kontekstualisering, maar ‘n negatiewe stap word genoem her? definiëring.

Toe Wycliffe ‘n Bybel vertaling vir ‘n Afrika stam moes doen wat op die ekwator gewoon het waar mense nog nooit sneeu gesien het nie, het hy Jesaja 1:18 aangepas deur dit vertaal na: “?al was julle sondes soos skarlaken, dit sal wit word soos ‘n kokosneut. (sneeu) Dit is her? kontekstualisering waar dieselfde waarheid geneem word en dit dan in konteks van iemand anders se taal, of kultuur of wêreld visie te plaas. Dit is heel aanvaarbaar want dit doen geen skade aan die boodskap nie, in kontras met her? definiëring. Konstantyn die Grote, ‘n Roomse Keiser in 306?337, het in 312 ‘n ander vorm van die kruis aangeneem, die Labarum. In 313 het hy die Edik van Milaan uitgevaardig wat die Christendom wettig verklaar het. Die Evangelie word geherdefinieer inplaas van om dit te her verklaar volgens die Bybel.

Herdefiniëring verander die betekenis van die Bybel, dit is verkeerd, en dit is wat in die vroeë Kerk gebeur het. Nadat Konstantyn die Grote die Christendom in ‘n staat godsdiens verander het, het mense begin om die Evangelie radikaal te herdefinieer. Sommige van die vroeë Kerk Vaders het geglo dat dit wat die beste was in die Griekse teosofie, byvoorbeeld die monistiese idees van Plato en Sokrates, sal help om die Griekse wêreld voor te berei vir die koms van Jesus op dieselfde wyse wat die Tora (Die Ou Testament) die Joodse wêreld voorberei het. Tot op ‘n punt is hierdie ‘n aanvaarbare stelling. Teosofie is enige filosofie wat probeer om ‘n direkte goddelike beginsel vas te stel in ‘n poging om geestelike insig te verkry. Daar is ‘n Griekse (Hellenistiese) manier van dink en daar is ‘n Hebreeuse manier van dink, Paulus het albei gebruik. Toe Paulus in die Aropagus in Athene vir die Jode die Evangelie gebring het, (Hand. 17:22?31) het hy die Griekse manier van dink gebruik. Die Jode soek na ‘n teken en die Grieke soek na wysheid. Daar is ‘n geldigheid in albei as dit Skriftuurlik toegepas word.

‘ n Groot probleem het ontstaan toe mense begin het om ‘n Joodse geloof te Helleniseer. In stede van om die Evangelie te herkontekstualiseer het hulle begin om die Evangelie in Griekse terme te

herdefinieer.

Origen, ‘n leier van die beroemde teologiese skool in Aleksandrië, een van die eerste Bybel Teks kritici in die jare 185?245, het Mattheus 19:12 letterlik opgeneem en homself gekastreer, hierdie befaamde leier was een van die eerste mense wat ‘n sistematiese verklaring van geloof voorgestel het, een van die eerste Bybel kommentators, een van die eerste sistematiese teoloë. Dit het uitsluitlik gebeur in Aleksandrië in die tyd van Origen, maar dit het ‘n groot probleem geword na Konstantyn, met die bekendmaking van die leerstellings van Augustinus van Hipo, en die mense wat hom beïnvloed het soos Cyprian van Carthage, Ambrose en ander.

Die Grieke het baie dinge geken van Plato en Sokrates wat waar was soos die feit dat ‘n mens na die Beeld van God geskape is, enige mens, self mense wat nie ‘n Joods Christelike agtergrond gehad het nie en wat geen toegang tot die Bybel gehad het nie, kan deur hulle natuurlike instinkte weet dat daar net een ware God bestaan en dat die mens gevalle is. (Dit staan in Romeine 1:18?20) Ons kan tot op ‘n punt saamstem met die Griekse Teosofie, tot op ‘n punt waar hulle saamstem met die Bybel, maar wanneer mense die Evangelie herinterpreteer en herdefinieer in die lig van ‘n Griekse wêreld visie, dan het ons ‘n probleem. Die Grieke het geglo aan dualisme. Hulle het geglo dat alles wat van vlees is sleg was, en dat alles wat van die gees was, goed was. ‘n Griek wat hierdie woorde lees: “In die begin was die Woord, en die Woord was by God, en die Woord was God,” ?(Joh. 1) kon daarmee saamstem, maar waar die Skrifte sê: “Die Woord het Vlees geword” kon hulle nie saamstem nie. (Joh. 1:14)

Die Grieke het geglo dat alle fisiese dinge sleg was net omdat dit fisies was. Die Bybel sê dat die geestelike en die vleeslike veronderstel is om in harmonie met mekaar saam te werk, en dit is nie veronderstel dat daar enige afwyking of konflikte tussen die twee moet wees nie.

Die vlees is gevalle, dit is waar, maar daar is niks verkeerd met die fisiese elemente van die vlees nie. Augustinus het nie net die Bybel geherkontekstualiseer nie, hy het ook die Christendom geherdefinieer as ‘n Griekse Platoniese godsdiens. Augustinus het dinge gesê soos: Die enigste goeie ding van ‘n huwelik is om kinders te hê wat selibaat sal wees. (Kinders met geen seksuele verhoudings nie.) Die Manichane, (‘n Persiese?Christelike beweging in die derde eeu) wat beweer het dat die eerste sonde uit die huwelik verhouding ontstaan het, het hierdie idees in die Griekse wêreld ingestuur. Dit is hoekom Roomse Katolisisme tot vandag toe nie seksualiteit kan hanteer nie, dit is ook waarom daar so baie beperkinge en seksuele probleme onder die Roomse Katolieke bestaan. Mense het begin om die Bybel te herinterpreteer, hulle het die Joodse metode van midrasj verwerp en Griekse metodes begin gebruik.

Tipologie en allegorie.

Midrasj gebruik tipologie en allegorie om Skrif gedeeltes te illustreer en te verlig. Byvoorbeeld:

Jesus is die Pasga Lam. Die simboliek van die Joodse Pasga illustreer die Bybelse leerstellings van versoening uitstekend maar nooit word die leerstellings van versoening gebaseer op simbolisme nie. Die

simboliek illustreer die leerstellings wat self duidelik in ander gedeeltes van die Skrifte aangehaal word. In die Gnostiese wêreld van die Griekse denke gebeur net die teenoorgestelde. Die Gnostiese wêreld maak daarop aanspraak dat hulle ‘n subjektiewe mistieke insig het in verband met simboliek wat hulle dan ook gnostisisme noem. Hulle herinterpreteer dan ook die eenvoudig betekenis van die teks in die lig van die gnosis. Vir gnostiese is simbolisme dan ook die basis van hulle dogma wat heeltemal in teenstelling is met die metodes van die Jode van ouds. Hierdie metodes het dan ook in die Kerk ingesluip deur mense wat beïnvloed was deur Philo. Philo het dan ook progressief in die Roomse Katolisisme stelsels ingesypel tot by ‘n punt waar Augustinus gesê het: “As God dan geweld gebruik het om Paulus tot bekering te bring, dan kan die Kerk ook geweld gebruik om mense tot bekering te bring,” Dit is hierdie dinge wat aanleiding gegee het tot die Kruistogte, die Spaanse Inkwisisie en andere. In stede van herkontekstualisering het hulle die Skrifte geherdefinieer. Hulle het ‘n Joodse Boek gelees asof dit ‘n Griekse boek is, dit was ‘n groot fout.

Die Reformasie.

Dit het begin by Origen in die Ooste en Augustinus in die Weste en so het dit stadigaan oor die eeue versleg. In die Middel Eeue het dit baie sleg gegaan en dinge soos Skolastiek het in die prentjie gekom. Islam het Aristoteles se idees opgeraap, daarna het die Kruisvaarders dit terug gebring na Europa en in die Middeleeue Roomse Katolisisme. Moses Maimonidus het Judaïsme herskryf as ‘n Aristoteles godsdiens daarna met Thomas Aquinas ook die Christendom herskryf as ‘n Aristoteles godsdiens. Hierna het die Hervormers gekom en dit probeer regstel wat verkeerd gegaan het in die Middeleeue Katolisisme, maar ongelukkig, alhoewel die Hervormers dinamiese persoonlikhede was, was hulle nie dinamiese denkers nie.

Humanisme: Die fondasie van die Reformasie.

Die Reformasie was gebore uit wat genoem word Humanisme. (Let op: Die eerste Humanisme was nie sekulêr nie, hulle was Christene.) Die beste humaniste was manne soos Thomas A Kempis, John Colet, en Jacques Lefèvre. Maar die grootste van hulle almal was Erasmus van Rotterdam. Luther, Calvyn, Zwingli en die meeste van die ander Hervormers het hulle idees van Erasmus gekry. Erasmus en die ander Humaniste het probeer om die Bybel te bestudeer en te leer in sy eenvoudige letterlike betekenis in ‘n poging om die Middeleeue korrupsie van Roomse katolisisme reg te stel. Hulle het dit beklemtoon dat die Bybel as literatuur en geskiedenis bestudeer moet word en so het hulle vir ons ‘n stelsel van historiese grammatika eksegese gegee wat tot vandag toe deur die Protestantse Kerke gebruik word.

Die probleem van die Hervormers is dat hulle net so ver gegaan het. Hulle het reëls gemaak wat hulle applikasie van historiese grammatika stelsels beheer het om die Middeleeue Katolisisme teen te staan en baie van hierdie reëls staan vandag nog. Een van hierdie reëls bepaal dan ook dat daar baie toepassings van die Skrifte kan wees maar dat daar net een interpretasie kan bestaan. Dit is ‘n totale mistasting. Die Talmoed vertel vir ons dat daar meervoudige interpretasies bestaan. Met wie het Jesus saamgestem? Met die Hervormers? Of met die rabbi’s?

Die teken van die profeet Jona.

“ Maar Hy antwoord en sê vir hulle: 'n Slegte en owerspelige geslag soek na 'n teken, en geen teken sal aan hom gegee word nie, behalwe die teken van die profeet Jona.” (Mat. 12:39)

Wat is die “teken” van die profeet Jona? Op een plek sê Jesus: “Want soos Jona drie dae en drie nagte in die buik van die groot vis was, só sal die Seun van die mens drie dae en drie nagte in die hart van die aarde wees.”(Mat 12:40) Maar dieselfde tyd sê die Here dat dit as gevolg van die feit is dat Ninevé hulle bekeer het op die prediking van die profeet Jona. (Luk 11:32)

Die boodskap hier is dat die Heidene tot bekering sal kom en die Jode nie, dit is ook ‘n teken van die profeet Jona. Hier is alreeds twee geloofwaardige interpretasies van hierdie teken. So, waar Protestante Bybel vertolking beweer dat daar net een interpretasie bestaan en dat die res net ‘n toepassing is, is nie waar nie, hulle is uit lyn uit met die Here self.

Die verhaal van die Nuwe Skepping.

‘ n Ander reël van Gereformeerde hermeneutiek sê: “As die eenvoudige bewoording van die Skrifte sin maak moet dan nie verder soek na ander betekenisse nie, vat dit soos dit daar staan en los dit.” Dit is ook nie waar nie.

Wanneer ‘n Joodse Christen van die eerste of die twee eeu n.C. die Evangelie van Johannes gelees het dan het hy dit verbind met die Boek Genesis. Johannes praat van ‘n Nuwe Skepping, dinge wat betrekking het op die eerste Skepping. Hy het gesien hoedat God se Gees oor die waters beweeg het en hoedat die eerste Skepping in Genesis geskape is, en nou het God se Gees weer oor die waters beweeg en die Nuwe Skepping is gebore in die Evangelie van Johannes. Die Skepping in Genesis praat van die klein liggie en die groot lig wat verwys na die son en die maan. In Johannes sien ons weer die klein liggie? Johannes die Doper en die Groot Lig? Jesus die Messias, in die Nuwe Skepping.

Die vye boom in Joodse midrasj verteenwoordig metafories die Boom van die Lewe wat ons in die tuin in Genesis, en in Esegiël 47, en die Boek Openbaring sien.

In Johannes 1:48, toe Natánael vir Jesus gevra het hoedat die Here hom so goed ken, het die Here geantwoord: Omdat “Ek jou onder die vyeboom gesien het.” Wat die Here hier vir Natánael gesê het was nie net dat Hy hom onder ‘n letterlike vyeboom gesien het nie, alhoewel dit deel was daarvan, wat die Here hier in midrasj gesê het was dit: Ek het jou in die Tuin gesien, van die begin van die Skepping van die wêreld af.

Deur om die Bybel as literatuur en geskiedenis te lees soos wat die Humaniste dit doen gaan jy net een gedeelte van die Skrifte sien. Die Humaniste het gereageer teen die Middeleeue skolastiek en Gnostisisme waarop Roomse Katolisisme gebaseer is, maar hulle benadering van die Skrifte het daartoe aanleiding gegee dat die diepte van die Skrifte uit hulle gesigsveld verdwyn het.

Om Openbaring te verstaan.

Deur om van die historiese grammatika metodes (Streng volgens die reëls) gebruik te maak was die Hervormers daartoe instaat om waarhede soos Regverdigheid deur Geloof en die Gesag van Skrifte te ontdek, maar dit is al wat hulle kon sien en dit is waar hulle gestop het. Martin Luther het die Boek Romeine as die hoof boek van die Bybel gesien maar hy het die Boek Openbaring totaal verwerp terwyl Openbaring oor die Laaste Dae gaan. Luther het erken dat iemand met Protestante denkwyse nie hierdie Boek kan verstaan nie. Wat is verkeerd? Is die Boek Openbaring verkeerd of is dit die Protestantse denkwyse? Wees baie versigtig, Daniël (Dan. 12:4) en Johannes (Op. 10:4) is aangesê om hierdie dinge te verseël tot aan die einde, en in die volheid van God se tyd sal die interpretasie van hierdie Skrifte aan die getroue gelowiges geopenbaar word.

Wanneer jy mense sien wat diagramme en kaarte optrek en wat dink dat hulle volle eskatologiese program van Openbaring uit geredeneer het, pasop! Hierdie dinge is verseël tot op die regte tyd. God sal dit op Sy manier en op Sy tyd openbaar en dit sal stukkie vir stukkie wees. Die eerste stap is om terug te beweeg en om die Bybel te lees as ‘n Joodse Boek in plaas van ‘n Griekse boek.

Bybelse Literatuur genre.

Die Sendbriewe is kommentare op ander Skrifte, hulle vertel vir ons wat die ander Skrifte op ‘n baie praktiese vlak beteken. Dit is goed om die Sendbriewe as literatuur en geskiedenis te lees deur gebruik te maak van die historiese grammatika metodes. Maar daar is verskillende literatuur in die Bybel, verskillende literatuur genre, (skryfstyl, kuns voortbrengsels) wat God daarin geplaas het vir verskillende redes. Psalms? Hebreeuse digkuns, Openbaring –apokaliptiese literatuur. Die Evangelies? verhale; Spreuke? wysheid literatuur.

Ons lees nie ‘n brief op dieselfde wyse as dig stuk nie. Ons lees nie die Narnia Kronieke (C.S. Lewis) op dieselfde wyse as tant Sarie se brief uit die Kaap nie. As jy die Sendbriewe lees dan sal jy sien dat die apostels die ander Boeke van die Bybel nie ge?interpreteer het deur ‘n historiese grammatika metode nie.

Die Boek Hebreërs is ‘n kommentaar op die simboliek van die Levitiese priesterorde en die tempel. Kyk na Galasiërs 4:24 en verder, die verhaal van die twee vroue? dit is ‘n midrasj op die doel van die Wet. Kyk na die Sendbrief van Judas, dit midrasj literatuur. Die apostels het nie die Skrifte volgens die Protestantse historiese grammatika reëls verklaar nie.

Bybelse Profesie is ‘n patroon.

Daar is verskillende soorte profesie in die Bybel. Die twee wat belangrik is om die Laaste Dae te verstaan is die Messiaanse profesie en, met betrekking tot hierdie profesie, is daar ook die Eskatologiese profesie. Wanneer ons na Bybelse profesie kyk dan is dit baie belangrik, omdat in ons Westerse denke met ons basis in die sestiende eeu se Humanisme wat sê dat profesie bestaan uit ‘n voorspelling en ‘n vervulling.

In die Joodse denke egter, is dit nie net ‘n kwessie van iets wat voorspel is en wat in vervulling gekom het nie, dit is ‘n verkeerde opvatting van Bybelse profesie, die Jode van ouds het profesie gesien as ‘n patroon van gebeure, dinge wat gebeur en weer gebeur, met ander woorde, daar is veelvuldige vervulling in een profesie, en elke vervulling, elke siklus leer ons meer oor die uiteindelike vervulling van die profesie. Byvoorbeeld: Gedurende ‘n hongersnood gaan Abraham na Egipte. (Gen. 12:10?20) God oordeel Farao en Abraham en sy nakomelinge kom uit Egipte en hulle vat die rykdomme van Egipte saam met hulle na die Beloofde Land. Abraham se ander nakomelinge ondervind egter dieselfde ondervindinge. Gedurende ‘n hongersnood gaan hulle ook na Egipte (Gen. 42) en weereens oordeel God Farao, ‘n bose koning. Abraham se nakomelinge kom uit Egipte en hulle vat Egipte se rykdom saam met hulle (Eks. 12:36) en hulle gaan die Beloofde Land.

Wat met Abraham gebeur het, gebeur ook met sy nakomelinge. Dan gebeur dieselfde met Jesus. “En toe hulle teruggegaan het, verskyn daar 'n engel van die HERE in 'n droom aan Josef en sê: Staan op, neem die Kindjie en sy moeder en vlug na Egipte, en bly daar totdat ek jou sê; want Herodes gaan die Kindjie soek om Hom dood te maak. Hy het toe opgestaan, die Kindjie en sy moeder in die nag geneem en na Egipte vertrek. En hy was daar tot die dood van Herodes, sodat die woord vervul sou word wat die Here gespreek het deur die profeet: Uit Egipte het Ek my Seun geroep.” (Mat. 2: 12?15) Mattheus sê dat toe die Here Jesus uit Egipte gekom het, na die slegte koning se dood is die Profesie van Hosea vervul. “Toe Israel 'n kind was, het Ek hom liefgehad, en uit Egipte het Ek my seun geroep. (Hos. 11:1)

Hosea hoofstuk 11 gaan oor die Eksodus, oor wat met Moses gebeur het, volgens die Historiese grammatika reëls word hier gepraat van die Eksodus en nie oor die Messias nie, maar dit wil voorkom asof Mattheus hierdie Skrif gedeelte buite alle redelike konteks aanhaal en dit verander sodat dit oor Jesus gaan. Was Mattheus verkeerd? Of is daar iets verkeerd met Protestantse interpretasie van die Bybel? Daar is niks verkeerd met Mattheus nie, en daar is ook niks verkeerd met die Nuwe Testament nie maar daar is iets verkeerd met ons Protestantse mentaliteit.

Nie ‘n Voorspelling nie, maar ‘n patroon.

Die Joodse idee van profesie is nie voorspellings nie maar ‘n patroon. Abraham het uit Egipte gekom toe God Farao geoordeel het. Abraham se nakomelinge kom uit Egipte toe ‘n bose koning geoordeel was.

Dan word ‘n ander bose koning geoordeel en die Messias kom uit Egipte, hier sien ons verskeie vervulling van profesie. Volgens midrasj is Israel ‘n indirekte verwysing na Yeshua (Jesus) die Messias. Wanneer jy verse sien soos: Israel my heerlikheid, my eersgeborene, dan is dit midrasj verwysings na die Messias. Maar dan, in 1 Kor. 10 gebeur daar iets: Ons kom uit Egipte uit. Paulus vertel vir ons dat Egipte die beeld, die simbool van die wêreld is. Farao wat deur die Egiptenare vergoddelik en wat as God aanbid was, is ook die simbool van die duiwel, die god van hierdie wêreld. Net soos wat Moses ‘n verbond met bloed gesluit het en die mense met bloed besprinkel het, net so het Jesus ook ‘n verbond gesluit. Moses het vir veertig dae gevas, en so ook Jesus. Jesus is ‘n Profeet soos Moses, wat in Deut.

18:18 geprofeteer is. Net soos wat Moses die kinders van Israel uit Egipte deur die water in die Beloofde Land ingelei het, so lei Jesus ons ook uit die wêreld deur die doopwater na die hemel. Weereens ‘n

patroon. Maar dan word die perd en sy ruiter in die see gewerp. (Eks. 15:1) Ons sing die lied van Moses? die perd en sy ruiter is in die see gewerp? Op. 15: 3. Hoekom? Dit is ‘n patroon, die uiteindelike betekenis van die uittog uit Egipte is die opstanding en die wegraping van die Kerk. Die oordele wat ons in Eksodus sien word in Openbaring herhaal. Net soos wat Farao se towenaars daartoe instaat was om die wonderwerke van Moses en Aäron te vervals, gaan die Antichris en die valse profeet ook die wonderwerke van Jesus en Sy Getuienisse vervals. Hulle het Josef se beendere met die Eksodus (13:19) saam met hulle uit Egipte gebring. Hoekom? Die wat in Christus gesterwe het sal eerste opstaan, dit is patroon. Dit is die outyd se Joodse denkwyse wat die Nuwe Testament voortgebring het, hulle het nie na profesie gekyk as ‘n voorspelling nie maar as ‘n patroon. Om te kan weet wat in die toekoms gaan gebeur moet jy gaan kyk wat in die verlede gebeur het. Daar is veelvuldige vervullings en elke suksesvolle vervulling vertel vir ons iets oor die uiteindelike vervulling daarvan.

Die oplossing van die vergelyking.

Jy sal nooit die Boek Openbaring verstaan met die beperkte benadering van Bybelse interpretasie wat in die Protestantse kringe gehandhaaf word nie. Midrasj is soos ‘n kwadratiese vergelyking of ‘n baie komplekse tweede orde differensiale vergelyking, ‘n dertien of ‘n veertien stap vergelyking. Sommige mense neem die eerste stap van historiese grammatiese eksegese en dan dink hulle die vergelyking is opgelos. Daar is niks verkeerd met wat hulle doen nie, maar wat hulle nie doen nie is baie verkeerd en die vergelyking word nie opgelos nie. Die grammatika eksegese is ‘n belangrike eerste stap en dit is goed om die Sendbriewe te lees, maar dit is al. Dit vat die wysheid van die profete van ouds om waarlik hierdie dinge te kan verstaan. “Hier kom die wysheid te pas. Wie die verstand het, laat hom die getal van die dier bereken??” (Op. 13:18)? Dit is nie die wysheid van die sestiende eeu nie maar die wysheid van die Eerste Eeu.

Jer. 6:16: “So spreek die HERE: Staan op die weë, en kyk en vra na die ou paaie, waar tog die goeie weg is, en wandel daarin; en julle sal rus vind vir julle siel. Maar hulle het gesê: Ons wil daarin nie wandel nie.” †††



By David Passmore May 30, 2026
Staying The Course Amidst Isolation Rubin Rothler LLB, LLM Living in Israel one gets the feeling that the metaphorical walls are closing in. Israel's reputation is being tarnished all over social media and the mainstream media, and this is reflected in massive public disdain towards this country. We are constantly told that there is near consensus amongst academics and commentators that a genocide was committed in Gaza. The very legitimacy of the state is brought into question. The majority of Americans are now hostile towards Israel. There is real fear that the next U.S. administration will turn against Israel. Even if this were to happen passively, by the U.S. refraining from exercising its veto power towards Security Council Resolutions condemning Israeli actions this could be catastrophic. Internally it is a fractured society leaning increasingly right wing which further alienates Israel from world opinion. An example in point is how Ben Gvir mocked the most recent participants of a global aid flotilla to Gaza. Such conduct further agitates outrage at Israel. The left-wing media presents the ruins of Gaza as a mortal wound in Israel's side. When the world observes this level of carnage no degree of public relations can ameliorate the sense of indignation towards Israel. We can liken the situation of Israel to that of a depressed person. All he sees is hopelessness and gloom. But this isn't the first time that the Jewish nation has been faced with such darkness. Things change and we don't know how the geo-political map will reconfigure in the future. We need to ride out this storm and keep going. On a historical note, the situation is reminiscent of what our ancestors faced when we returned from the Babylonian exile to rebuild the walls of Jerusalem. Nehemiah was faced with constant lies and conspiracies designed to entrap him by hostile actors: Sanballat the Horonite, Tobiah the Ammonite and Geshem the Arab. They employed deception, slander and ridicule in order to maintain their political eminence. There was also a certain sense of abandonment amongst the Jews in Israel then as in our own day. We read in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah about the anguish of the leadership in Israel concerning the lack of assistance from the Babylonian diaspora towards the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem and the Temple. Only 20% of the exiles returned to the land. It was largely the poor who returned. Most of the affluent, established Jews remained in Exile. This is a continuing theme in Jewish history. It is also important to observe that from its very beginnings there were bible believing Christians who spearheaded the return of the Jews to their land. The idea of organizing a return of the Jews to Israel began as a Protestant Restorationist objective that can be traced to 17th century Puritan England. The protagonists of the Cromwellian Republic viewed themselves as the new Israel fighting the Papist forces of Satan. Alongside this, interest grew in the notion that biblical prophecies pertaining to the return of the Jews to Israel were a necessary precursor for the return of Christ. The growth of the British Empire in the 19th century lent political clout to Christian Restorationism with specific missions to the Jews established. Although there had been a longing to return to Israel as written in the thrice daily Amidah prayer, Jewish Zionism arose in the midst of mid nineteenth century nationalism and was further fermented by European antisemitism. It was an altogether secular enterprise. Although Israel's situation appears rather stark, we can draw strength from the Providence afforded to our ancestors in the days of Ezra and Nehemiah when they too were faced with defamation. This is also an opportunity to grow closer to our natural allies in the evangelical world who from the beginning of Zionism were steadfast supporters of the project to establish a Jewish homeland in Israel.  (Author is an Israeli American lawyer academically qualified in British and in U.S.A. law, and a graduate of the School of Oriental & African Studies, London. He is a Jewish believer in Jesus and is currently based in Israel).
By David Passmore May 25, 2026
Signs of the Times Tony Pearce ‍ ‍ Left, right or center – is our democracy in danger “Things fall apart, the center does not hold. Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world.” W.B Yeats ‘The Second Coming. ’ ‍ ‍ Labour’s losses in the council elections and the battle for succession to their unpopular leader Kier Starmer have raised the possibility that we may soon have our seventh Prime Minister in ten years. Local elections saw Reform and the Greens make sweeping gains, leading Green Party leader, Zack Polanski to say that we are seeing ‘the end of the old two party system’. Maybe we are. In which case what comes next? Will we head to the far left, the far right or will the center hold on to power? Or will it end with ungovernable chaos as unqualified people take control of local and national government? Behind all this there are fundamental questions, ‘What is government for? Who does it represent and where is it going?’ ‍ ‍‍ ‍ According to the Bible (Romans 13) the purpose of government is to promote good and restrain evil. The government has the right to raise taxes for the common good of society and people should pay them. In 1 Timothy 2 Paul encourages us to pray for the government that ‘we may live a godly and peaceable life’. In other words, pray that the government will create an orderly and peaceful society and not interfere with our right to set up communities that teach and preach the Word of God. The situation becomes more difficult when we see government promoting things which are harmful and restraining things which are good and clamping down on freedom of speech with a threat to our ability to live a ‘godly and peaceable life’ ‍ Since becoming a Christian in my early twenties, I have wrestled with the question of how our faith applies to contemporary political issues. I started this quest on the left politically after leaving university and working as an English teacher with sympathies for Marxism. I then became a born again Christian in 1970, and joined my late wife Nikki in evangelizing the radical left, by handing out leaflets at their marches and demonstrations in London and attending their meetings to discuss matters of faith and politics with them. ‍ ‍‍ ‍ We had some good discussions with people and hope we made some consider the Christian alternative. However as we looked at Marxism from a Christian point of view and its practice in Communist countries, we understood that behind this ideology there is a strong anti-christian spirit. It denies the existence of God and promotes the idea of human perfectibility by our own effort. This is exemplified in the words of the Internationale, the socialist battle hymn, ‘No saviour from on high delivers, no faith have we in prince or peer, our own right hand the chains will shiver, chains of hatred, greed and fear.’ This Antichrist spirit led to the persecution of Christians in the Communist countries of eastern Europe, the Soviet Union and China. Far from creating the socialist paradise on earth that Lenin wrote about in ‘Socialism and Religion’, it created a society ruled by hatred, greed and fear, controlled by secret police, prison camps and responsible for the death of millions. ‍ ‍ In western society we have witnessed the growth of ‘cultural Marxism’ a movement aimed at infiltrating and changing society from within, rather than fomenting the workers’ revolution. Labour’s Fabian Society, with its (now discarded) logo of the wolf in sheep’s clothing, has been engaged in this process since the beginning of the 20th century. Social change really took off with the permissive society in the 1960s, which succeeded in changing traditional values, especially in the area of sex and the family. It replaced biblical values with a new ‘morality’ that is fundamentally anti Christian. These ideas have permeated large swathes of our society including the education system, the judiciary, the Civil Service, much of the media, mainstream political parties (including even the Conservative ‘wets’ and parts of the established church). ‍ ‍ Melanie Phillips describes the results of this in her book, ‘The Builder’s Stone.’ ‘Having decided that the West was rotten to the core, western elites set out to create a new culture that would usher in the brotherhood of man and eradicate hatred, prejudice, and war. Their Brave New World junked biblical religion with all its constraints on behaviour and revolved instead around self gratification. Everybody had the right to live as they wanted; nobody could say that their way of life was better or worse than anyone else’s; no one had the right to say that their culture was better than any other culture. That was ‘racism.’ At the heart of all this was the doctrine that there was no such thing as objective truth. Everything was relative; everything was a matter of opinion. Because there was no truth feelings became more important than facts. So the West abandoned the codes of morality, conscience, truth and lies, personal responsibility, and duty to others in favour of a culture of the self. In the process it junked its inherited traditions and biblical codes on which western culture was based.’ ‍ Britain changed from being a society that respected values based on the 10 Commandments and the teaching of Jesus Christ to one that discarded them for relative values. Ideas of ‘diversity, inclusion and equity’ became the norm, together with and a form of ‘tolerance’, that is really very intolerant if you oppose it. This ‘tolerance’ means accepting the virtues of multiculturalism and humanism and believing that all gods are equally valid or true (or none are). We must also accept that all lifestyles and family arrangements including homosexual and transsexual ones are just as valid as traditional two parent heterosexual families, with a father and mother committed to each other in lifelong matrimony looking after their own children. ‍ As society accepts this radical change in how we view culture, morality and religion, we are told not to criticize other cultures and world views or imply that they are anything less than equal to the culture, morality and faith derived from the Bible. ‍ All this has not improved society. Instead we have a collapse of values with no central idea to hold it together, just a group of competing ‘communities’ which are often only united in opposition to the traditional values and culture of Great Britain. A good example of this is the ‘red – green alliance’ of radical leftists and Islamists who come together to denounce Israel and campaign to ‘globalise the Intifada’. In practice this means a world wide war against Israel and Judaeo-Christian society and a desire to replace it with their version of either Islamism or Communism. However if one of them were to come to power, you can be sure that the Islamist’s would get rid of the leftists or vice versa. In fact that happened in Iran’s 1979 revolution, when Islamist supporters of Khomeini and Communists came together to get rid of the Shah. Then the Islamists seized power, turned on the Communists and wiped them out. ‍ Alisteir Heath wrote in the Daily Telegraph: ‘Ruined by decades of political vandalism, the Britain we knew and loved, a land of stability, pragmatism, and ancient freedoms, is no more. Today’s UK is uglier, impoverished, volatile and disorderly. We’ve lost our level-headedness. Anger and frustration have become our defining emotions. Our institutions have wasted away, and we have been taught to despise our history. The decline of family, community and faith have led to alienation, dependence on welfare and the rise of novel ideologies, mostly secular but also sectarian, turbocharged by social media. While the state becomes unnervingly authoritarian, the air reeks of insurrection and every variety of extremism. The British public’s sense of betrayal is as well-founded as it is dangerous. The machinery of state is incompetent and self-serving, a vehicle for social engineering in the global interest.’ ‍ ‍ ‍ Criticism of this process now risks being classed as ‘hate crime’ with a growing authoritarian society monitoring social media posts and public teaching of alternative ideas in ways which risk shutting down free speech in our society. A Christian teacher Enoch Burke is currently in prison in Dublin after he was suspended from his job and jailed after refusing to accept and teach transgenderism in the school. ‍ ‍ ‍ Nick Timothy, Shadow Secretary of State for Justice, got into trouble when he questioned mass Muslim prayer in Trafalgar Square. He wrote: ‘Mass ritual prayer in public places is an act of domination. The adhan – which declares there is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger – is, when called in a public place, a declaration of domination. The domination of public places is straight from the Islamist playbook.” He is right in this. Allah hu Akhbar actually means Allah is greater, greater than your God, Muhammad is greater than Jesus and the Koran is greater than the Bible. ‍ ‍ ‍ Tim Dieppe of Christian Concern for our Nation wrote: “The fact that we have mass Islamic prayer in Trafalgar Square at all is indicative of the massive culture change that we have seen in the last few decades. A culture change that was not voted for or ever agreed to by the British people. And, a culture change that can hardly be described as having been entirely beneficial to our culture as a whole. I only need to mention grooming gangs involving mostly Pakistani Muslim men , sharia courts, honour crimes, terror attacks, the assassination of an MP, an attempt to blockade Parliament, mass antisemitic marches through London, a convicted terrorist standing for local elections, sectarianism, and many other examples to make the point. Earlier this month, the Government gave Muslims special protection with the adoption of an official definition of anti-Muslim hostility .” ‍ ‍ ‍ You are not really supposed to question this in public life today. A message circulating on social media is an apt commentary on all this. ‘First they overlook evil, then they permit evil, then they legalise evil, then they promote evil, then celebrate evil, then persecute those who call it evil.’ Soviet dissident Solzhenitsyn wrote: ‘A Communist system can be recognised by how it spares criminals and criminalises its opponents.’ ‍ ‍ ‍ The root cause of all this is the rejection of God and biblical values. The 18th-century French philosopher Joseph de Maistre coined the phrase "people get the government they deserve." David Pawson followed up on this idea, arguing that in democratic societies like ours, the moral and spiritual condition of a nation's citizens is directly reflected in the leaders they elect. If the general public abandons moral truths, they will inevitably vote for governments that reflect those same compromises. David Pawson taught that God may use governmental leadership to judge or bless a nation, depending on the people's obedience. He noted that Hebrew prophets saw wicked rulers as a form of divine judgement on a society that has strayed from God's laws. Therefore a nation's ultimate hope rests on repentance rather than just political change. His conclusion is that Christians should actively stand for moral truth in society. He believed that the church is meant to influence culture upward, and that a decline in national morality inevitably leads to deteriorating governance. ‍ ‍ ‍ Sadly much of the church today has become the ‘salt that has lost its savour’ through compromise with antichristian forces in society and government. It may be too late to save our country and western democracy as social and economic pressures create a collapse of democracy and push us either towards anarchy or dictatorship. ‍ ‍ ‍ Yeats’ poem quoted at the beginning of this article ends with the enigmatic line ‘Some rough beast slouches towards Bethlehem to be born.’ Most likely he is referring to the coming anti-Messiah who is labelled the Beast in the book of Revelation. Many believe his is now waiting in the wings to replace the true Messiah (born in Bethlehem) and bring in the dictatorship prophesied in Revelation 13. The Bible indicates that the Beast or Antichrist will have power for a moment, but it will be short lived and doomed to destruction at the Second Coming of Jesus Christ to the earth. Then the kingdoms of this world will become the kingdom of our God and of His Messiah and He shall reign forever and ever (Revelation 11.15) and the ‘government shall be on His shoulder’ (Isaiah 9.6). ‍ ‍ ‍ Maranatha come Lord Jesus. ‍ ‍ ‍ Water, water nowhere and not a drop to drink. (Apologies to the Ancient Mariner) ‍ ‍‍ ‍ While nations worry about supply of oil and gas as a result of the war in the Gulf and the closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a much more vital commodity for human survival is water. And it is in short supply in a growing number of nations. ‍ ‍ As of 2026, over 25 countries face extremely high water stress, with the most severe crises located in the Middle East and North Africa. This region is home to the world's most water-stressed nations, including Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Yemen, and Libya. India and Pakistan face critical water scarcity due to overexploitation of aquifers and population density. Much of Africa , Somalia and Ethiopia in particular are facing severe shortages due to drought and climate change. Mexico and parts of the United States (particularly Texas and the west coast) are experiencing significant water shortages and declining groundwater levels. ‍ ‍ ‍ Iran is facing a severe, multi-year water crisis as of May 2026, with major cities like Tehran, Mashhad, and Karaj approaching the point where taps could run dry due to depleted reservoirs. Groundwater is depleted across most of the country, and nineteen provinces are experiencing severe drought. The crisis is driven by a combination of climate change and decades of poor water management, including excessive dam construction and inefficient, water-intensive agriculture. China is facing a severe, multi-faceted water crisis defined by extreme scarcity in the north, widespread pollution, and mismanagement, threatening its food supply and economic growth. ‍ ‍ ‍ Several countries are significantly affected by upstream dam construction that reduces downstream water flow, causing, environmental, and diplomatic crises. These countries include Iraq, heavily impacted by dams built on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers by Turkey and Iran, leading to reduced water for agriculture, destruction of forests, and increased sandstorms. Egypt and Sudanface significant water security risks due to the Ethiopian Grand Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile. Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laosare affected of dams built by China on the upper Mekong River ‍ ‍ One country which bucks this trend is Israel. Israel manages its water resources by transforming a chronic shortage into a surplus through large-scale desalination, extensive wastewater recycling, and a centralised national water carrier system. The agriculture sector has shifted away from freshwater, using treated effluent instead. Advanced drip irrigation technologies are widely used to minimise waste. Israel has exported its water technologies to countries around the world, particularly Africa where it has given advice on how to use limited water resources to great effect. ‍ ‍ ‍ Without water no society on earth can survive. Bible prophecies indicate that water shortage and pollution will be a global problem in the last days. Most obviously no water equals no food, so famine is an inevitable result of water shortages. Jesus warned of this as a sign of the last days in Matthew 24.7. Revelation 8.10-11 speaks of something called ‘Wormwood’ falling on rivers and springs of water causing it to become bitter and many to die from drinking it. ‍ ‍ Prophecy speaks of the two great rivers of the ancient world, the Nile and the Euphrates, being affected by a crisis causing the Euphrates to dry up (Revelation 16.12) and the Nile to become contaminated and its waters turn foul (Isaiah 19.5-11). Isaiah 24 speaks of a curse devouring the earth in the last days causing the earth to be ‘defiled (or polluted) under its inhabitants.’ ‍ ‍ ‍ According to the New Scientist, there are massive amounts of water hidden deep beneath the Earth's surface. Scientists have found evidence of a reservoir of water three times the volume of all surface oceans combined, located roughly 250–400 miles underground within the mantle. ‍ ‍ ‍ It may be that the Lord will release this water to replenish and clean up the earth in the Millennial kingdom when ‘waters shall burst forth in the wilderness, and streams in the desert. The parched ground shall become a pool, and the thirsty land springs of water.’ Isaiah 35. Zechariah 14.8-9 says, ‘In that day it shall be that living waters shall flow from Jerusalem, half of them toward the eastern sea and half of them toward the western sea; In both summer and winter it shall occur. And the Lord shall be King over all the earth.’ Zechariah 14.8-9. See also Ezekiel 47. ‍ Rethinking Russia ‍ Things are not going well for Vladimir Putin in his ‘special military operation’. Four years after invading Ukraine in February 2022, Russia is not making advances and actually losing ground. Russia is losing as many as 25,000- 35,000 casualties a month and over 1.2 million have been killed and wounded since the war began. Ukrainian skills in drone warfare have destroyed large quantities of Russian equipment, tanks, armoured personnel carriers, artillery and rocket systems, helicopters, and naval vessels. ‍ ‍ Russia is spending an estimated 40% of the entire federal budget on the war effort. As a result of this and western sanctions, Russia is increasingly unable to fix chronic infrastructure problems at home. During the bitter Russian winter thousands of people were left without heat, light, or even water. All forms of transport, trains, trucks and planes, are facing logistical problems, making it difficult to transport goods and people across the vast Russian regions. Russia is on the way to an infrastructure collapse that will likely take decades to recover. ‍ ‍ Communist Party leader Gennady Zyuganov warned the State Duma that Russia's faltering economy risks stoking a 1917-style revolution. He demanded urgent financial and economic measures by autumn to avert a potential economic collapse. This raises the danger of the Russian Federation fracturing. The Caucuses are restive, the far east is looking to China and Siberia is facing an acute problem as a result of melting permafrost, causing buildings, bridges and pipelines to collapse. ‍ ‍ In the present circumstances it is hard to see how Russia could lead the Gog and Magog invasion of Israel (Ezekiel 38-39). Some have said that it is more likely that Turkey is the lead power in the War of Gog and Magog. They say that Meshech and Tubal are not Moscow and Tobolsk, but regions of modern Turkey. Erdogan’s Turkey is backed by an Islamist world view hostile to Israel, seeking the recovery of its Ottoman Empire. He has his eyes on taking control of Jerusalem. Turkey is possession of a large land army already stationed in the region, some of it occupying part of Syria. ‍ ‍ The alternative is that the War of Gog and Magog is some way off, possibly part of Armageddon, giving time for Russia to recover from its present distress. We wait and see, but meanwhile spare a thought and a prayer for the people of Ukraine and Russia, suffering as a result of Putin’s futile war, oppressed by his corrupt dictatorship and facing an economic and social collapse caused by his failed policies. ‍ ‍
By David Passmore May 25, 2026
Trump's Visit with Xi Rubin Rothler LLB, LLM The tempest path of Sino-U.S. tensions came to a head during Trump's first term in office with the outbreak of Covid. Many commentators believed that the deterioration in relations was in terminal decline and that a major confrontation in the straits of Taiwan was fast looming. Trump held China responsible for the spread of Covid, insisting that he would pursue reparations. The election of Biden halted this commitment. Biden sought a non-confrontational policy towards Beijing. In the aftermath of the disastrous premature withdrawal from Afghanistan handing that country over to the Taliban and the Russian invasion of Ukraine under his watch, Biden became too preoccupied to assertively engage with China. Chinese State media portrayed Trump's visit as being rather unremarkable in the context of other foreign dignitaries lining up to meet Xi, pointing out that just a week later Putin would arrive in Beijing. China manifests that it is winning the trade war that Trump began in 2018, beating America at its own game of capitalism. They frame the U.S. as being in a position of weakness because China is able to source whatever products they buy from the U.S. elsewhere like oil from Canada, and soybeans from Brazil. The oil, soybeans and 200 Boeing's Xi agreed to purchase from Trump were presented as a mere gesture to placate Trump as China has already bought 350 Air Buses in the last year. China would have the world believe that it is only semi-conductors where America has the edge. Here China hints that it is not likely to buy H200 Invidia Chips because it would mean that China will always lag behind the U.S. in building their AI tech. China's major contention and concern is that the U.S. may impose export controls to contain China. China's strategy instead is to invest massively on indigenous innovation. China wants to become an innovation powerhouse that will export its own Chips to the Global South. China is fast catching up with America's lead in AI with the launch of Deep Seek and they claim similar progress with Chip making. China is now ostensibly only eight months behind the U.S. on Large Language Models. Running contrary to this narrative Trump insists that China is desperate to trade with America. China's economy has now peaked. Emblematic of this stagnating growth is rising youth unemployment. China is no longer America's biggest trading partner. Trump has shifted manufacturing back to the U.S. and Trump believes that China can't revive its economy without America. Lined up to meet Xi with Trump were the heads of some of America's biggest Tech Corporations. Corporations like nvidia seek a relaxing of export controls for Chips as they want short term profits, ignoring the risk that China will reverse engineer this technology. More broadly, China and the U.S. are playing a geopolitical chess game spanning the globe. Trump outmaneuvered China in Latin America with the removal of Maduro from power in Venezuela. China is exploiting its influence on Iran in order to get Trump to refrain from taking more active steps towards the defense of Taiwan. Indeed, Trump didn't say anything about Taiwan during his visit. Trump's instincts are of a transactional approach towards alliances, where he is only willing to underwrite defense assistance if allies pay up as an insurer would. It is also important to note that saber rattling the Taiwan card also serves the CCP agenda to distract internal dissent concerning the state of the Chinese economy. Most imminently Trump needs China to pressure Iran to open the Straits of Hormuz and get oil prices down before the midterm elections. China has largely insulated itself from the Gulf energy impact due to stockpiles. Trump would also like China to stop providing Iran with GPS for its missiles. Other Chinese weapons systems and technology sold to Iran have failed to perform well against U.S. and Israeli military hardware. Matters boil down to a leverage between whatever Trump can do on Taiwan, China can do on the strait of Hormouz with Iran. Human Rights concerns, espionage and the alarming rate of Chinese acquisition of U.S. land have been placed on the back burner for the time being.  (Author is an Israeli American lawyer academically qualified in British and in U.S.A. law, and a graduate of the School of Oriental & African Studies, London. He is a Jewish believer in Jesus and is currently based in Israel).
By David Passmore May 17, 2026
Moriel & Jacob Prasch request prayer for Phil Malone and family “Please keep me and my family in prayer. My mum passed away on 13th May at the age of 93. It's a time of mourning, but may it be a time for the Gospel of Christ to be preached to my unbelieving family, especially my brother.”
By Mea Fredrickson May 13, 2026
Moriel & Jacob Prasch request prayer for Sister Joanne Rizzetto, wife of Pastor Dave Rizzetto of Church of The Open Door in New York City. Joanne has developed painful complications and adverse side effects from medications following knee surgery. May The Lord intervene for healing and give guidance to her physicians. Lord, we humbly ask you to intervene in the life of our dear sister. We know you can do all things and that you hear our prayers and consider your servants. Please put a stop to the adverse reaction. Restrain and reverse its effects and restore our sister so that she can continue to serve you in the ministry that you have called them to. We do glorify Your Name. We don't ask as those who treat you as our debtor, but as those who have tasted your goodness and found such mercy and compassion at your feet. Grace and peace and mercy be with Joanne and Pastor Dave.
By David Passmore May 5, 2026
Will Lebanon miss its golden opportunity? Rubin Rothler LLB, LLM Converging new facts on the ground have transformed the political landscape in Lebanon. With Assad removed from power in Syria, a vital lifeline of arms supplies for Hezbollah originating in Iran has diminished. Hezbollah suffered considerable losses in its last round of fighting with Israel. The decapitation of its leadership with the targeted pager attack inflicted a severe blow. Hezbollah's new leader Naim Qassem is a weak substitute for the charismatic Nasrallah who was assassinated by Israel in 2024. Hezbollah in its frail state foolishly fell into line with Iran's instruction to join the fighting against Israel following the recent American-Israeli war with Iran. This was contrary to the wishes of the Lebanese government which was fearful of the inevitable destruction that would be wreaked by the Israeli response. The differing attitudes to Israel amongst Lebanon's population is reflective of its ethnic composition. The predominant groups in order of plurality are Christians, Shia Muslims and Sunni Muslims with a smaller minority of Druze. The major concern of most Christians in Lebanon is the dire state of their economy. They have no appetite to further their plight by invoking Israel's rage. During the colonial inter war period the French envisaged the demarcation between Lebanon and Syria as carving out enclaves for Christian and Druze control. Within Lebanon there would be a shared government that by convention would have the Executive power split between a Christian President, a Sunni Prime Minister and Shia Speaker of Parliament. The Christians in southern Lebanon (particularly Maronite Catholics) saw themselves as being anthropologically descendants of ancient Phoenicians as opposed to an Arab identity where the Arab Christians were largely Eastern Orthodox. The schism between the Maronites and the Arab Eastern Orthodox dates back to the time of the Crusades. The Maronites were culturally French, speaking French as their main language and held precedence in much of the Lebanese economy. The first threat to Lebanese stability and cohesion was settled by the U.S. Eisenhower administration in 1958 which landed Marines in an amphibious operation. A repeated attempt at this by the Reagan administration in 1983 ended in a military disaster for the U.S. due to suicide bombings by Iranian controlled terrorists. Israeli efforts to bring in stability during the Lebanese Civil War in conjunction with its Lebanese Christian allies led by Major Saad Haddad likewise came to calamity when the Sabra and Shatila revenge attacks took place following the assassination of Lebanese leader Bashir Gemayel. The ''Good Fence'' policy of an Israeli friendly free Lebanon zone in Southern Lebanon eventually ended badly following Menachem Begin's second incursion into Lebanon called ''Shalom HaGalil'' aimed at stopping the PLO rocket attacks on Israeli border communities like Metulla, Kiryat Shmona, Naharya, Rosh Hanikra, Tzfat and Carmiel. The proxy Israeli occupation from the Israeli border to the Litani river became an imbroglio that many in Israel viewed as Israel's Vietnam with widespread domestic protest and a collapse of morale within the IDF. Eventually Israel absorbed Christian war refugees from Lebanon, while the Vatican and most of the Christian world turned their backs on the Lebanese Christians. Lebanon was then saddled with two states within a state. The first was in the aftermath of Black September in 1970 when King Hussein of Jordan defended his Hashemite throne and government from Yasser Arafat's attempt to take over Jordan due to Jordan having a 70% Palestinian Arab demographic majority. The Jordanian legion drove tens of thousands of its pro Arafat Jordanian citizens into Lebanon, creating a population base for the first state within a state under Arafat. However the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) and other factions had their niche interests. Courtesy of the Israeli Air Force Arafat relocated what he saw as his government in exile to Tunisia. This was a missed opportunity by the Lebanese government to assert its autonomy and full territorial control by making a Camp David type peace with Israel inclusive of economic and mutual security provisions. Instead an Iranian backed Syrian intervention replaced Arafat's state within a state with a new one that morphed into Hezbollah. The fall of the Assad regime and the Israeli counter-offensive against Hezbollah re-presents Lebanon with the opportunity that it once lost. The predominantly Christian controlled Lebanese military could and should operationally coordinate with the IDF, to obliterate and remove Hezbollah as the Israelis relieved Lebanon of Arafat's state within a state. Such a rapprochement would likely have strong American and possibly French and British support, allowing Lebanon to be at a non-combative peace with Israel along the lines of Egypt and Jordan, and now some of the Emirates. The natural comradery of the Lebanese Druze community with the Israeli Druze and the pro-Israeli Druze of Syria would additionally re-enforce a regional harmony, as would the Maronite Christian community in Israel with their co-coreligionists in Lebanon.  (Author is an Israeli American lawyer academically qualified in British and in U.S.A. law, and a graduate of the School of Oriental & African Studies, London. He is a Jewish believer in Jesus and is currently based in Israel).
By David Passmore May 5, 2026
PASTOR JOHN ANGLISS It is with profound sadness that we learned of the temporary separation from our friend and brother Pastor John Angliss. We look forward to being reunited with John in the millennial reign of Christ and indeed in God's Eternal Kingdom. Jacob Prasch visited John a few weeks ago in the UK while John was in hospice care having been diagnosed preterminal in his illness. While medically correct, it was of course a misdiagnosis. John is now cancer free and is alive and well in the presence of Jesus awaiting us in glory while his mortal body is being renewed for resurrection and immortality. In the meanwhile, during this temporary season of bereavement we do request prayer for his beloved wife Mary and for his congregation, The Ark Fellowship in England near Reading, England. Because he has recently arrived in the USA and is scheduled to address the Moriel Canada branch conference in Winnipeg, Jacob Prasch will regrettably not be able to attend the memorial service in Britain. Our condolences however are very much with Mary and our brethren in the UK who like us knew and loved Pastor Angliss. John was one of a minority of faithful voices who upheld a traditional biblically based Pentecostalism in the era of counterfeit revivals and apostasy that overtook most of British Pentecostalism. John was a faithful friend of Israel & The Jews standing on the prophetic purposes of God for Israel and the salvation of the Jews. John was a loyal friend to Moriel and Jacob Prasch and a colleague of David Pawson and Derek Prince, both of whom likewise stood by God's promises to Israel. John was also a founding leader of CMFI - the Christian Ministerial Fellowship International, former pastor of Three Mile Cross fellowship , and former board member of Focus On Israel (a Pentecostal Ministry to the Jews). While this separation is temporary, John's eternal gain will be our temporary loss. O GRAVE - WHERE IS THEY VICTORY, O DEATH WHERE IS THY STING ? Hosea 13:14 / 1 Corinthians 15: 55-57
By David Passmore April 28, 2026
We made it this far: Israel at 78 Rubin Rothler LLB, LLM Since the last anniversary milestone of Israel at 75, we have been embroiled in relentless wars. Citizens had little respite to enjoy this year's festivities, coming on the heels of a lull in fighting on the Iranian and Lebanese fronts. We are constantly waiting for a breakthrough on the horizon that will normalize our relations with our neighbors and secure our position on the world stage. It is acutely exhausting to be the focus of the world's attention. But also there is a sense of inevitability accompanying the Zionist project. Specifically that Israel is destined to be central in the wider region and global affairs. Why is this? Is it due to it being a western transplant? Being geographically positioned on the crossroads of three continents? Religious believers would point to prophetic fulfillment. It is short sighted to only look at how our problems are rooted in today’s' reality. Greater forces are at work that will dictate the direction that Israel is heading. The Jewish diaspora will likely find itself in a growing precarious position that will lead to increasing Aliyah (immigration to Israel) and will perhaps ferment the emergence of a second Jewish commonwealth that will not need to heed international pressure in the same way that todays' polity finds itself doing. In this light it is interesting to ponder how our posterity would view our predicament and gains. And I frame matters in these terms with intentionality. We are enmeshed in a seemingly intractable conflict with the Palestinians, and yet Israel has made great gains particularly in the technological fields. There is a current of thinking that perceives Israel's way out of its quagmire is by making itself indispensable to technological advancements. We don't know how tomorrows' world will be shaped by the rapidly advancing AI revolution but so far Israel has proven to be uniquely adaptable and innovative to technological change. This has proved to be a boon to Israel's economy, as have offshore natural gas discoveries being developed in concert with Greece, Greek Cypriot and American energy interests that are geographically and strategically removed from any Straits of Hormuz shipping impediments that strangle the Persian Gulf deposits shared by Qatar and Iran. On another note we should contextualize the situation. How different are Israel's challenges from other nations? Is Israel any less stable than other countries (particularly in the region)? Israel doesn't find itself uniquely challenged to define its identity (most European countries do also, particularly in light of immigration). Nor does the government experience any more volatility than other comparable democracies. Israel's real problems lay in the nature of how its Jewish citizens desire to govern themselves. It is arguable whether the judicial reform protests that occupied public discourse in pre-October 7th Israel would have led to serious civil strife. But it is without doubt that this impasse was allayed by the external attack. The underlying tensions remain unresolved and there are many ways that they could play out. It has been framed as a battle for Israel's soul. Israel's enemies predict that Zionism is imploding and that the State won't survive another 5-10 years. Supporting this claim, they point to Israel's increasing alienation and growing pariah status on the international stage. Our Prime Minister has been indicted for war crimes at the International Criminal Court. Even public opinion in our staunchest ally the U.S. has turned sharply against Israel. With 80% of the Democratic Party being anti-Israel in a growing climate of anti-semitism we have even witnessed the shift of Alan Dershowitz to the Republican Party which must be seen as emblematic of a trend. There is apprehension in Israel of a post-Trump America dominated by the Democrats. However, these seeming incontrovertible facts may be offset by other measures of fortitude. This may be partially countered by the high investment by Silicon Valley in the Israeli Hi-tech sector, making Israel an asset for purposes of Research and Development in America's AI race against China. New opportunities for economic relations have also been opened with Arab nations through the Abraham Accords and with the powerhouse India. Furthermore, it is difficult to imagine a world in which Israel's technological prowess will not carry the sway of western decision makers in the long run. Israel's 78th anniversary is a moment to take pause and not catastrophize what the future may behold. The entire world is currently in a state of transformation and Israel is not an outlier in this context.  (Author is an Israeli American lawyer academically qualified in British and in U.S.A. law, and a graduate of the School of Oriental & African Studies, London. He is a Jewish believer in Jesus and is currently based in Israel).
By David Passmore April 23, 2026
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By David Passmore April 14, 2026
A critical juncture in NATO'S future Rubin Rothler LLB, LLM NATO was originally established in 1949 to keep the Russian hordes at bay from toppling those European countries not forked over to the Soviet sphere of influence at the Potsdam conference. Europe lay in ruins. Britain had passed on the torch of global hegemony to the U.S. by tacitly acquiescing to the decolonization of its Empire when Churchill and Roosevelt agreed terms of the Atlantic Charter for the post-war new world order in 1941. So from its start NATO was very much an American driven endeavor. American money with the Marshall plan was propping up western European economies and its military might was forming the bulk of their defensive capabilities. The lopsided nature of this dynamic has informed how tensions have persisted and recently erupted in the Alliance. During the Cold War the U.S. felt obligated to shoulder the costs of underwriting Europe's security in light of the broader interests to keep the Soviet's in check. Following the fall of the Iron Curtain European complacency became a sticking point with the 'peace dividend' further exploiting American largesse. European NATO allies spent ever smaller percentages of their GDP on defense expenditure at U.S. expense. Now in a multi-polar world U.S. and European perceived threats are less aligned. This was first tested in the aftermath of September 11th when for the first time NATO elected to trigger its article 5 collective defense protocol. And since then the U.S. has sought to continue to expand the traditional theatre of operations beyond Europe's borders. No longer is Russia perceived by America as being a proximate existential threat to its interests, but rather containing Chinese expansion in the Pacific arena. Parallel to NATO a discrete 'five eyes' intelligence sharing alliance comprising the Anglo-sphere (the U.S., U.K., Canada and New Zealand) emerged. This stands at the center of the U.S. – U.K. 'special relationship'. A relevant question would be can this signals intelligence (NSA-GCHQ) partnership persist should the U.S. withdraw from NATO? Conventional thinking would have led one to believe that with Brexit the U.K. would naturally pivot towards closer U.S. relations but under Starmer the U.K. is distancing itself. European powers misrepresent the present conflict as an aggressive, rather than defensive U.S. adventure while they themselves are more likely to be at risk. In this the Starmer government resembles the Labor party led committee for nuclear disarmament in the 1980's. It opposed the Thatcher supported deployment of U.S. cruise missiles in response to the Soviet SS20's pointed at Britain's cities. The British left branded their response to Soviet strategic escalation to U.S. aggression. This time however there is for the moment no Thatcher to bring common sense into an equation dominated by emotionally driven ideologies in the face of an aggressor with definite aims. In terms of the Russian-Ukraine conflict we are reverting to the old question dating back to the Napoleonic war era: to what extent is London happy with the European nations fighting it out alone for dominance of the continent. Britain was never willing to accept a single power in control. Many variables will dictate what kind of world emerges from the current conflicts in Ukraine and Iran. How will power be extracted from potential gains? What will be the strategic impact of this? What is sure, in the age of Trump this pattern of reliance on U.S. muscle is becoming quickly exhausted. Dating back to the Roman Empire, a factor in the decline of major powers has always been astronomical military spending, a budgetary demand that the U.S. under Trump is no longer willing to shoulder alone. (Author is an Israeli American lawyer academically qualified in British and in U.S.A. law, and a graduate of the School of Oriental & African Studies, London. He is a Jewish believer in Jesus and is currently based in Israel).